NAD+ & SIRTUINS
WHAT ARE SIRTUINS?
Sirtuins (Silent Information Regulators) are a class of proteins that regulate optimum cellular health. [1]
academic.oup.com/mend/article/21/8/1745/2738297
They are found in healthy cells, but as we age the body produces less and less.
SIRTUINS NEED NAD+ FOR THEIR FORMATION [2]
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) perform a variety of functions essential for cellular health.
Some target transcription regulation, others healthy inflammatory response and metabolism [3]
WHAT DO SIRTUINS DO?
Sirtuins influence and help a wide range of healing processes in the body [4]
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23325925
They are found in healthy cells, but as we age the body produces less and less.
Increasing levels of NAD+ is as one ages is very important.
NAD+ supplementation - MAIN MECHANISM to Increasing SIRTUIN ACTIVITY
Towards the OPTIMUM LEVELS from our Youth.
Scientific evidence shows sirtuins are important energy status sensors.
Sirtuins also protect cells against metabolic stresses.
Sirtuins are understood to regulate the aging process.2
SIRT bound to NAD: [5]
SIRT1
Is an enzyme which is crucial in single and double strand DNA break repair.[6]
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3943707
SIRT1 ACTIVITY IS NEUROPROTECTIVE. [7]
nature.com/articles/s41419-018-0553-6
SIRT3
Is critical for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function.
Can regulate cell survival, death and metabolic pathways.
Helping to control the balance between health and disease.
SIRT6
Protects against aging-associated pathologies.
Chromatin regulation by SIRT6 maintains stem cell homeostasis and function.
This suggests that SIRT6 opposes aging-related stem cell dysfunction. [8]
cell.com/trends/endocrinology-metabolism/fulltext/S1043-2760(16)30127-8
NAD+, SIRTUINS & AGING
Recent scientific studies are showing optimum levels of NAD+ and sirtuins are crucial for healthy aging.
Research is pointing to the use of sirtuins as a powerful tool in anti-aging medicine/approaches
INCREASING LEVELS OF NAD+ IS CONSIDERED ONE OF THE MAIN ROUTES. [9]
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514220/
It has also been demonstrated that NAD+ decreases as we age reducing sirtuin activity
Reduced sirtuin activity:
- Disrupts communication between the nucleus and mitochondria at a cellular level
- Disrupts communication between the hypothalamus and fat tissue at a systemic level.[10]
nature.com/articles/npjamd201617
Sirtuins are important in:
- Supporting healthy inflammatory system
- Energy efficiency
- Mitochondrial regulation
- Circadian rhythm (the bodies biological clock)
- Aging [11]
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2922851/
SIRTUIN TYPES
|
Location |
Activity |
Function |
SIRT1 |
Nucleus |
Deacetylase |
Metabolism, inflammatory response, neurone health |
SIRT2 |
Cytoplasma |
Deacetylase |
Cell cycle |
SIRT3 |
Nucleus, mitochondria |
Deacetylase |
Metabolism |
SIRT4 |
Mitochondria |
ADP-ribosylation |
Insulin secretion |
SIRT5 |
Mitochondria |
Deacetylase |
Unknown |
SIRT6 |
Nucleus |
ADP-ribosylation |
DNA repair |
SIRT7 |
Nucleus |
Unknown |
rDNA transcription |
academic.oup.com/mend/article/21/8/1745/2738297
SIRTUIN’S ROLE IN AGING
[13]
academic.oup.com/mend/article/21/8/1745/2738297
Protective Sirtuins protect the body from age-related problems.
THE IMPORTANCE OF NAD+ & SIRTUINS IN MITOCHONDRIAL REGULATION [14]
nature.com/articles/npjamd201617
SIRTUIN MECHANISM OF ACTION
DEACETYLATION [15]
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128053881000134
Removal of acetyl group from protein.
This process is important in gene regulation and is NAD DEPENDANT.
ADP-RIBOSYLATION [16]:
Addition of ADP-ribose moieties to protein.
Important in cell signalling and DNA repair and is NAD DEPENDANT.
CONCLUSION
Supplementation of key NAD+ precursors can
ACTIVATE SIRTUINS AND REGULATE CELL HEALTH.
[1] academic.oup.com/mend/article/21/8/1745/2738297
[2] anti-agingfirewalls.com/2014/11/11/nad-an-emerging-framework-for-life-extension-part-1-the-nad-world-2/
[4] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23325925
[6] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3943707
[7] nature.com/articles/s41419-018-0553-6
[8] cell.com/trends/endocrinology-metabolism/fulltext/S1043-2760(16)30127-8
[9] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514220/
[10] nature.com/articles/npjamd201617
[11] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2922851/
[12] academic.oup.com/mend/article/21/8/1745/2738297
[13] jci.org/articles/view/64094/figure/1
[14] nature.com/articles/npjamd201617
[15] sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128053881000134